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Blockchain Technology Delivers ‘Scalable Efficient CBDC’

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  • Eesti Pank and Guardtime research project confirms role for digital bill money systems in CBDC deployment
  • KSI Cash per transaction energy use is just 70 µWh (micro-Watt hours) compared to 0.1 Wh for Visa and 1 MWh for Bitcoin

Blockchain technology can play a key role in the development of Central Bank Digital Currency  CBDC) platforms worldwide, a joint research project by Estonian Central Bank Eesti Pank and leading European deep tech company Guardtime has found.

The study set out to investigate the technological and operational frontiers of blockchain technology and its use in the context of CBDCs using KSI Cash, a digital currency technology based on the KSI Blockchain.

Testing confirmed that digital bill-based money systems are linearly scalable and highly efficient delivering end-to-end payment times of 0.6 seconds based on speeds of up to two million bill transactions per second.

Crucially it delivered a much smaller carbon footprint and lower energy use than current instant payments platforms – per transaction energy was just 70 µWh (micro-Watt -hour), compared with 0.1 Wh (Watt hour) for Visa and 1 MWh (Megawatt hour) for Bitcoin (1 Megawatt hour is one trillion micro-Watt hours).

The summary report written by Rainer Olt and Tiit Meidla of Eesti Pank and Luukas Ilves and Jamie Steiner of Guardtime says:

“The CBDC platform we deployed proved to perform well. The system was tested at speeds of up to two million bill transactions per second, where it operated with faster transaction times, lower energy use, and a smaller carbon footprint than current instant payment platforms.”

Central Banks worldwide are considering the introduction of both retail and wholesale CBDCs with countries including China with the e-Yuan and the Bahamas with the Sand Dollar launching or making retail versions widely available. The European Central Bank had decided to proceed with more intense investigations into a retail digital Euro while the Bank of International Settlements says 86% of Central Banks are conducting research or pilot schemes.

Eesti Pank and Guardtime’s research demonstrated its CBDC platform can integrate with existing e-ID schemes, making Know Your Customer checks easier and onboarding users into the system. Privacy preserving architectures can be made compatible with analytics needed for anti-money laundering monitoring.

Digital bills provide the privacy and programmability benefits of tokens but can also be held in account-like wallets, while the custodial layer used in the test enabled compatibility with conventional payment infrastructures.

KSI Cash’s security model delivers cryptographic verifiability of system operations without compromising privacy and the system proved to be resilient and resistant to insider and outsider attacks. It also provides resistance to quantum attacks.

The project measured resource load during testing and an indirect assessment of the carbon footprint of the system showed emissions of 32 tonnes of CO 2 per year, assuming a 14kW power requirement.

Energy needs of one bill payment were estimated at 0.000000070 kWh (70 microwatt-hours) which is equivalent to 0.000016 g of CO 2 (16 micrograms). The table below shows the comparable figures for Visa and major cryptocurrencies.

Table. Comparison of per transaction energy use (given in Wh per transaction. 1 MWh = 1,000,000,000,000 µWh)

Bitcoin Ethereum Visa Algorand KSI Cash
1 MWh 170kWh 0.1Wh 36 mWh 7 μWh

 

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SEC Philippines Urges Removal of Binance App from Google Play Store and Apple App Store

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The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) of the Philippines has intensified its regulatory oversight over cryptocurrency trading platforms, particularly targeting Binance, one of the world’s largest digital asset exchanges.

In a bold move, the SEC Philippines has formally requested the removal of the Binance app from both Google Play Store and Apple App Store.

The action, disclosed through letters addressed to Google and Apple on April 19, 2024, underscores the SEC’s concerns regarding unauthorized investment solicitation activities facilitated by the Binance platform.

SEC Chairperson Emilio B. Aquino emphasized that allowing access to the Binance app and website poses a significant threat to the security of funds belonging to Filipino investors.

This move represents a significant escalation in the Philippines’ regulatory efforts to safeguard investors and maintain financial stability within the cryptocurrency market.

The SEC’s decision to target Binance reflects growing concerns globally regarding the lack of oversight and potential risks associated with digital asset trading platforms.

Binance, known for its extensive range of cryptocurrency trading services, has faced increasing scrutiny from regulators worldwide.

While the company has made efforts to comply with regulatory requirements in various jurisdictions, concerns persist regarding the adequacy of investor protection measures and compliance protocols.

The SEC Philippines’ call for the removal of the Binance app from major app stores highlights the regulator’s determination to enforce strict oversight and uphold investor confidence in the country’s financial markets.

The move is likely to have implications not only for Binance but also for other cryptocurrency exchanges operating in the Philippines and beyond.

Investors and industry stakeholders are closely monitoring developments, awaiting further updates on the SEC’s regulatory actions and their potential impact on the cryptocurrency ecosystem in the Philippines.

As regulatory scrutiny intensifies, market participants are urged to exercise caution and stay informed about evolving regulatory requirements and compliance obligations in the digital asset space.

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Binance Loses Ground in Global Bitcoin Trading Amid Regulatory Challenges

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Binance, once a dominant force in global Bitcoin trading, is now facing significant headwinds as regulatory challenges and intensified competition reshape the industry.

Over the past year, Binance has share of the market had declined outside the United States.

According to data from research firm Kaiko, Binance’s market share in non-US Bitcoin trading has plummeted from 81.3% to 55.3%.

The trend is mirrored in the trading of smaller cryptocurrencies, known as altcoins, where Binance’s share has dropped from 58% to 50.5%.

The decline in Binance’s market share can be attributed to several factors. One significant factor is the cessation of a promotion that previously waived trading fees, which drew in substantial trading volumes.

With the end of this promotion, offshore markets have become less concentrated, allowing smaller exchanges to gain momentum and capture a larger share of the trading activity.

Platforms such as Bybit and OKX have emerged as formidable competitors to Binance, expanding their presence in regions like Asia.

Bybit, in particular, has seen its share of non-US Bitcoin trading surge from 2% to 9.3%, while OKX’s share has risen from 3% to 7.3%. These exchanges have capitalized on Binance’s vulnerabilities, seizing market share and establishing themselves as viable alternatives for cryptocurrency traders.

Binance’s challenges are further compounded by ongoing regulatory scrutiny and legal issues. In November of last year, Binance and its co-founder Changpeng Zhao pleaded guilty to US anti-money laundering and sanctions violations.

The company has since been working to rebuild its reputation and navigate a complex regulatory environment, particularly in the United States.

Under the leadership of its new CEO, Richard Teng, a former regulator in Singapore, Binance has implemented stricter token listing rules and appointed a board of directors to enhance oversight and compliance measures.

Despite these efforts, the exchange continues to face regulatory challenges and uncertainty, which have undoubtedly impacted its market position and reputation.

The broader cryptocurrency industry has experienced significant growth, fueled by a fourfold increase in the price of Bitcoin since the beginning of last year.

However, Binance’s diminishing market share underscores the rapidly changing dynamics of the industry, where regulatory compliance and competitive pressures are reshaping the landscape of global cryptocurrency trading.

As Binance navigates these challenges, the future of the exchange and its position in the cryptocurrency market remain uncertain.

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Binance Executive Nadeem Anjarwalla Arrested in Kenya, Faces Extradition

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Nadeem Anjarwalla

Nadeem Anjarwalla, the regional manager for Africa, has been apprehended by the Kenya Police Service.

Anjarwalla’s arrest, reported by Punch and confirmed by government sources familiar with the matter, marks a pivotal moment in the case that has garnered widespread attention within the cryptocurrency community and beyond.

The international criminal police organisation, Interpol, is actively involved in the proceedings and is working towards Anjarwalla’s extradition to Nigeria within the week.

This development underscores the seriousness with which authorities are treating the allegations against him.

Anjarwalla’s arrest follows a dramatic escape on March 22 from a guest house in Abuja, where he and Gambaryan had been held by Nigerian authorities.

Reportedly, Anjarwalla managed to flee while guards accompanied him to a nearby mosque for prayers during the Ramadan fast.

It’s alleged that Anjarwalla utilized a Kenyan passport to leave Nigeria, adding an international dimension to the legal complexities surrounding the case. Both Anjarwalla and Gambaryan were initially arrested and detained by Nigerian authorities on February 28, facing charges of tax evasion and money laundering.

While Anjarwalla faces extradition, his colleague, Tigran Gambaryan, remains in the custody of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) in Nigeria after undergoing legal proceedings.

The arrest of Anjarwalla has reignited discussions surrounding cryptocurrency regulation and the accountability of industry leaders.

Binance, one of the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchanges, has been at the forefront of this debate as authorities seek to address potential financial misconduct within the sector.

Recently, Yuki, Gambaryan’s wife, made a heartfelt appeal to the Nigerian government, urging for her husband’s release and asserting his lack of influence over Binance’s corporate decisions.

The plea reflects the personal toll the legal proceedings have taken on individuals involved in the case.

As the legal process unfolds and extradition efforts continue, the case of Nadeem Anjarwalla serves as a stark reminder of the regulatory challenges facing the cryptocurrency industry and the global pursuit of financial transparency and accountability.

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