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Return to Trade Surplus in 2022

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NEPC

By Coronation Merchant Bank Economic Research

The latest report from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in its series on foreign trade in goods shows the total value of trade declined by -4.5% q/q to N11.7trn in Q4 ’22. This is the third consecutive q/q decline recorded. On a y/y basis, it rose marginally by 0.1%.

The total export value increased by 7.2% q/q to N6.4trn compared with N5.9trn recorded in Q3’22 while the import value declined by -15.5% q/q to N5.4trn from N6.3trn. The net result was a surplus of N996.8bn vs a deficit of -N409.4trn recorded in Q3 ‘22. Total trade as a percentage of nominal GDP (2022) stood at 5.9% in Q4 ’22 compared with 6.2% recorded in Q3 ’22.

For FY2022, the total value of trade was N52.4trn compared to N39.7trn recorded in FY2021. Total export value for FY2022 increased by 41.7% y/y to N26.8trn. Meanwhile, import value also increased by 22.7% y/y to N25.6trn in 2022 from N20.8trn recorded in 2021. The net result was a surplus of N1.2trn compared with a deficit of -N1.9trn recorded in FY2021. Total trade as a percentage of nominal GDP (2022) stood at 26.3% in 2022 vs 22.9% recorded in 2021, (using 2021 nominal GDP).

According to the NBS, most imports in Q4 ’22 originated from China (N1.4trn). This was followed by Belgium (N585.6bn), India (N368.9bn), Netherlands (N365.3bn), and the United States (N319.2bn). These five countries collectively accounted for 55.8% of the total imports in Q4 ’22. The value of imported manufactured products and oil-related products declined by -14.3% q/q and -18.2% q/q respectively.
Imported agricultural goods also declined by -13.3% q/q.

Imports from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) stood at N55.4bn in Q4 ‘22, accounting for 30.7% of total imports within the region. Regarding export destinations, Spain (N617.2bn) was the top exporting partner for Nigeria in Q4 ’22, followed by the Netherlands (N517.6bn), India (N490.4bn), France (N489.8bn) and Indonesia (N473.3bn). These five countries collectively accounted for 41.6% of the total exports in Q4 ’22.

Crude oil accounted for the largest share (77.8%) of total exports in Q4 ’22 and increased by 5.4% q/q to N4.9trn in Q4 ’22 compared with a decline of -21.2%q/q recorded in the previous quarter. The q/q increase in the value of total crude exported can be partly attributed to improved oil production due to the FGN’s recent efforts towards tackling crude oil theft and vandalism.

Based on data from the NBS, average crude oil production (condensates inclusive) in Q4 was 1.34mbpd compared with 1.20mbpd in the previous quarter and 1.50mbpd in Q4 ‘21. This is lower than the OPEC production quota for Nigeria pegged at 1.8mbpd and the FGN’s production benchmark of 1.7mbpd.

As for non-oil exports, superior quality cocoa beans, sesamum seeds, cashew nuts in shell, superior quality cocoa, other frozen shrimps and prawns, shelled cashew nuts, crude palm kernel oil, natural coca butter, ginger and soya beans featured as the top export commodities in Q4 ’22.

Nigeria exported goods worth N553.7bn to fellow members of the ECOWAS in Q4 ‘22, compared with N507.9bn in Q3 ’22. This represented 58.7% of total exports within Africa.

The most active port during the period was the Apapa Port. Goods worth N5.8trn exited the country through this port and accounted for 91% of total exports. Other ports widely used include Port Harcourt (N341.9bn) and Tin can Island (N159.3bn).

Global/Regional in focus

According to data from the World Trade Organization (WTO), merchandise trade increased by 13.4% y/y or USD1.5trn to USD12.8trn in Q3 ’22 compared with USD11.2trn recorded in the corresponding period of 2021. Meanwhile, on a q/q basis, total merchandise trade declined marginally by -0.9% reflecting disruptions in supply chains due to the impact from the ongoing Russian-Ukraine crisis and a slowdown in economic
activities on the back of global recession concerns triggered by rising inflation and monetary policy tightening in both advanced and emerging economies.

We understand that Russia has agreed to extend the Black Sea Grain deal for an additional 60 days (2 months) after uncertainties regarding the continuity of the initiative mounted as the original expiration date of 18 March ’23 drew near. According to data from the United Nations, c.24.1 million tonnes of grains (corn, wheat, barley, sunflower oil among others) have been exported through 1600 vessels to both advanced and emerging economies, highlighting the vital role that the Black Sea Initiative has played in promoting global food security.

Turning to China, merchandise exports to other countries increased by 6.6%q/q to USD970.6bn in Q3 ’22 compared with USD910.4bn recorded in Q2 ’22. We note that the Chinese authorities have phased out the zero-covid policy and reopened the economy. As evidenced by the growth recorded in China’s PMI (52.6 as at February ’23 vs 50.1 recorded in January ’23), the reopening is expected to spur economic activities and minimize production disruptions in the manufacturing sector.

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Economy

Federal Government Set to Seal $3.8bn Brass Methanol Project Deal in May 2024

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Gas-Pipeline

The Federal Government of Nigeria is on the brink of achieving a significant milestone as it prepares to finalize the Gas Supply and Purchase Agreement (GSPA) for the $3.8 billion Brass Methanol Project.

The agreement to be signed in May 2024 marks a pivotal step in the country’s journey toward industrialization and self-sufficiency in methanol production.

The Brass Methanol Project, located in Bayelsa State, is a flagship industrial endeavor aimed at harnessing Nigeria’s abundant natural gas resources to produce methanol, a vital chemical used in various industrial processes.

With Nigeria currently reliant on imported methanol, this project holds immense promise for reducing dependency on foreign supplies and stimulating economic growth.

Upon completion, the Brass Methanol Project is expected to have a daily production capacity of 10,000 tonnes of methanol, positioning Nigeria as a major player in the global methanol market.

Furthermore, the project is projected to create up to 15,000 jobs during its construction phase, providing a significant boost to employment opportunities in the country.

The successful execution of the GSPA is essential to ensuring uninterrupted gas supply to the Brass Methanol Project.

Key stakeholders, including the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited and the Nigerian Content Development & Monitoring Board, are working closely to finalize the agreement and pave the way for the project’s advancement.

Speaking on the significance of the project, Minister of State Petroleum Resources (Gas), Ekperikpe Ekpo, emphasized President Bola Tinubu’s keen interest in expediting the Brass Methanol Project.

Ekpo reaffirmed the government’s commitment to facilitating the project’s success and harnessing its potential to attract foreign direct investment and drive economic development.

The Brass Methanol Project represents a major stride toward achieving Nigeria’s industrialization goals and unlocking the full potential of its natural resources.

As the country prepares to seal the deal in May 2024, anticipation grows for the transformative impact that this landmark project will have on Nigeria’s economy and industrial landscape.

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Economy

IMF Report: Nigeria’s Inflation to Dip to 26.3% in 2024, Growth Expected at 3.3%

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IMF global - Investors King

Nigeria’s economic outlook for 2024 appears cautiously optimistic with projections indicating a potential decrease in the country’s inflation rate alongside moderate economic growth.

The IMF’s revised Global Economic Outlook for 2024 highlights key forecasts for Nigeria’s economic landscape and gave insights into both inflationary trends and GDP expansion.

According to the IMF report, Nigeria’s inflation rate is projected to decline to 26.3% by the end of 2024.

This projection aligns with expectations of a gradual easing of inflationary pressures within the country, although challenges such as fuel subsidy removal and exchange rate fluctuations continue to pose significant hurdles to price stability.

In tandem with the inflation forecast, the IMF also predicts a modest economic growth rate of 3.3% for Nigeria in 2024.

This growth projection reflects a cautious optimism regarding the country’s economic recovery and resilience in the face of various internal and external challenges.

Despite the ongoing efforts to stabilize the foreign exchange market and address macroeconomic imbalances, the IMF underscores the need for continued policy reforms and prudent fiscal management to sustain growth momentum.

The IMF report provides valuable insights into Nigeria’s economic trajectory, offering policymakers, investors, and stakeholders a comprehensive understanding of the country’s macroeconomic dynamics.

While the projected decline in inflation and modest growth outlook offer reasons for cautious optimism, it remains essential for Nigerian authorities to remain vigilant and proactive in addressing underlying structural vulnerabilities and promoting inclusive economic development.

As the country navigates through a challenging economic landscape, concerted efforts towards policy coordination, investment promotion, and structural reforms will be crucial in unlocking Nigeria’s full growth potential and fostering long-term prosperity.

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Economy

South Africa’s March Inflation Hits Two-Month Low Amid Economic Uncertainty

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South Africa's economy - Investors King

South Africa’s inflation rate declined to a two-month low, according to data released by Statistics South Africa.

Consumer prices rose by 5.3% year-on-year, down from 5.6% in February. While this decline may initially suggest a positive trend, analysts caution against premature optimism due to various economic factors at play.

The weakening of the South African rand against the dollar, coupled with drought conditions affecting staple crops like white corn and geopolitical tensions in the Middle East leading to rising oil prices, poses significant challenges.

These factors are expected to keep inflation relatively high and stubborn in the coming months, making policymakers hesitant to adjust borrowing costs.

Lesetja Kganyago, Governor of the South African Reserve Bank, reiterated the bank’s cautious stance on inflation pressures.

Despite the recent easing, inflation has consistently remained above the midpoint of the central bank’s target range of 3-6% since May 2021. Consequently, the bank has maintained the benchmark interest rate at 8.25% for nearly a year, aiming to anchor inflation expectations.

While some traders speculate on potential interest rate hikes, forward-rate agreements indicate a low likelihood of such a move at the upcoming monetary policy committee meeting.

The yield on 10-year bonds also saw a marginal decline following the release of the inflation data.

March’s inflation decline was mainly attributed to lower prices in miscellaneous goods and services, education, health, and housing and utilities.

However, core inflation, which excludes volatile food and energy costs, remained relatively steady at 4.9%.

Overall, South Africa’s inflation trajectory underscores the delicate balance between economic recovery and inflation containment amid ongoing global uncertainties.

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