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Markets Today – Recovery Continues, Euro Inflation, ADP, OPEC+, Oil, Gold, Bitcoin

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By Craig Erlam, Senior Market Analyst, UK & EMEA, OANDA

The stock market recovery continues on Wednesday, despite a selection of disappointing data releases from Europe and the US.

We’ve seen a decent rebound off the January lows and that only appears to have accelerated this week which will come as a huge relief to investors after a rather turbulent start to the year. And coming at a time when so many rate hikes are now priced in for a variety of central banks, it’s possible that peak-tightening fear is behind us.

There is still potential, of course, for further action to be priced in but whether that will happen in the near term, or generate the same kind of anxiety, may depend on where it comes and to what degree.

ECB unlikely to dramatically change course despite high inflation  

We’re seeing rate hike expectations rising in the euro area, for example, despite the continued pushback at such action by the central bank in recent meetings. We’ve seen this happen repeatedly though and eventually, the central bank seems to reluctantly follow.

With inflation in the eurozone hitting 5.1% in January, well above market expectations, will we see a similar pattern when the ECB meets tomorrow? In the absence of fresh economic projections, I expect we won’t see any dramatic shifts tomorrow but we could see slight tweaks in the tone and language that pave the way for something more significant in March.

ADP brushed aside as omicron takes its toll in January

So much is already priced in for US interest rates and it’s hard to imagine the direction of travel changing in the near term, given the broad range of indicators continuing to point to higher price pressures. That’s particularly true of data like the ADP collected for January, at a time when omicron caused major distortions which reduces its usefulness. Expectations for Friday’s jobs report are already very low and today’s ADP may reduce them further but it doesn’t really change the outlook for interest rates or the economy.

Talk of triple-digit oil not going away soon

Oil prices are a little flat on Wednesday after OPEC+ backed plans to boost output by 400,000 barrels again in March, following some rumours that the group could increase its commitment in the face of strong demand and high prices.

While that may have been welcomed by leaders in consuming countries that are facing a cost of living crisis, it may have made little actual difference as the group is failing to hit its current targets. We could have seen oil prices ease a little had the group agreed but as it is, there’s seemingly little appetite for it which could continue to support the rally. Talk of triple-digit oil isn’t going away any time soon.

Gold’s appeal waning?

Gold prices are higher again today after recovering a little this week. The yellow metal was hit hard last week on the back of another hawkish Fed shift and it remains out of favour, despite paring some losses over the last couple of days.

We’d seen some love for gold over the last couple of months as investors continued to price in the need for higher rates to head off rising inflation. The traditional hedge could remain supported out of fear of inflation remaining higher than forecasts, as has been the case for some time now, but the more central banks act accordingly, the more its appeal will wane.

Profit-taking at $40,000 a concern?

Bitcoin’s rebound has been encouraging over the last week or so but it’s so far failed to recapture $40,000 which may cause some discomfort among those hoping the low is behind it. The improvement in risk appetite in the broader markets is naturally supporting the price and could ultimately be what drives it through this important resistance level, as long as it holds. But we appear to be seeing some profit-taking around here which is contributing to the 4% decline today.

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Crude Oil

Oil Prices Rally Amidst Russian Export Ban and Rate Hike Concerns

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Oil prices saw an upward trend on Friday as concerns over Russia’s ban on fuel exports potentially tightening global supply.

This development overshadowed apprehensions of further interest rate hikes in the United States that could impact demand.

However, despite this bounce, oil prices were still on course for their first weekly decline in four weeks.

Brent crude oil gained 46 cents, or 0.5% to $93.76 per barrel while the U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude (WTI) oil surged by 65 cents, a 0.7% rise to $90.28 a barrel.

These gains were driven by growing concerns regarding tight global supply as the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies (OPEC+) continued to implement production cuts.

Toshitaka Tazawa, an analyst at Fujitomi Securities Co Ltd, commented on the volatile nature of the market, stating, “Trading remained choppy amid a tug-of-war between supply fears that were reinforced by a Russian ban on fuel exports and worries over slower demand due to tighter monetary policies in the United States and Europe.”

He further noted that investors would closely monitor OPEC+ production cuts and the impact of rising interest rates, predicting that WTI would trade within a range of approximately $90 to $95.

Russia’s abrupt ban on gasoline and diesel exports to countries outside a select group of four ex-Soviet states had an immediate effect as it aimed to stabilize the domestic fuel market. This export restriction prompted a nearly 5% increase in heating oil futures on Thursday.

Tina Teng, an analyst at CMC Markets, explained, “Crude oil bounced off a session low after Russia banned diesel exports, which included gasoline. The action reversed a downside movement in crude markets following the hawkish Fed decision.”

However, she also warned that mounting concerns about a recession in the Eurozone could continue to exert downward pressure on oil prices.

The U.S. Federal Reserve recently maintained its interest rates but adopted a more hawkish stance, projecting a quarter-percentage-point increase to 5.50%-5.75% by the year-end. This decision heightened fears that higher rates might dampen economic growth and reduce fuel demand.

Also, the stronger U.S. dollar, reaching its highest level since early March, made oil and other commodities more expensive for buyers using alternative currencies.

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Crude Oil

NNPCL’s Crude Commitments Create Hurdles for Dangote’s Oil Operations

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The Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPCL) has found itself at the center of a growing challenge faced by the Dangote Petroleum Refinery, one of Africa’s largest industrial projects.

As the refinery gears up for full-scale production, it is grappling with unforeseen hurdles caused by the commitments made by NNPCL in the form of crude oil agreements with other entities.

Dangote Petroleum Refinery, a flagship project of the Dangote Group led by billionaire Aliko Dangote, is on the brink of becoming a game-changer in Nigeria’s energy sector. With a promise to significantly reduce the country’s dependence on imported petroleum products, the refinery holds the potential to bolster the nation’s energy self-sufficiency.

However, recent revelations have shed light on the complexity of the oil industry in Nigeria and how contractual commitments can disrupt even the best-laid plans.

According to Devakumar Edwin, the Executive Director of the Dangote Group, in an interview with S&P Global Commodity Insights, the NNPCL, which normally trades crude oil on behalf of Nigeria, has pledged its crude to other entities.

While Edwin did not disclose the specific recipients of NNPCL’s crude commitments, it was previously announced that the company had entered into a $3 billion crude oil-for-loan deal with the African Export-Import Bank. Under this agreement, NNPCL agreed to allocate future oil production to the bank as repayment for the loan.

This unforeseen twist has left Dangote Petroleum Refinery in a predicament, necessitating the temporary importation of crude oil.

Edwin, however, stated that this importation is only a short-term solution, as the refinery expects to receive crude supply from NNPCL starting in November 2023.

The refinery’s ambitious plans include producing up to 370,000 barrels per day of crude, which will be processed into Automotive Gas Oil (diesel) and jet fuel by October 2023. By November 30, 2023, the plant aims to produce Premium Motor Spirit (petrol), providing a much-needed boost to the domestic fuel market.

While the Dangote Group remains committed to its objectives, the delays caused by NNPCL’s prior commitments have raised concerns among oil marketers.

They believe that the prices of diesel and jet fuel, in particular, will only experience a significant reduction once the refinery begins receiving crude oil supplies from Nigeria rather than importing it.

Despite these temporary setbacks, Edwin reaffirmed the refinery’s readiness to receive crude oil, stating, “Right now, I’m ready to receive crude. We are just waiting for the first vessel. And so, as soon as it comes in, we can start.”

In essence, the shift in the refinery’s original timeline can be attributed to the prior commitments made by NNPCL, causing a momentary delay.

However, it remains a beacon of hope for Nigeria’s energy sector, promising a reliable supply of environmentally-friendly refined products and a substantial influx of foreign exchange into the country.

Devakumar Edwin also underscored that the revenues generated from the refinery’s operations would be reinvested in further developments, reaffirming Aliko Dangote’s unwavering commitment to Nigeria’s economic growth.

As the nation eagerly awaits the commencement of production at the Dangote Petroleum Refinery, it is clear that the complex web of oil industry contracts and commitments has played an unexpected role in shaping the refinery’s journey towards becoming a transformative force in Nigeria’s energy landscape.

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Oil Prices Retreat as Markets Await Fed Meeting

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Oil prices dipped by almost $1 on Wednesday ahead of the U.S. Federal Reserve’s anticipated interest rate decision.

Investors are grappling with uncertainty surrounding peak rates and the potential impact on energy demand.

Despite a substantial drawdown in U.S. oil inventories and sluggish U.S. shale production indicating a possible tight crude supply for the remainder of 2023, prices tumbled.

Brent crude oil, against which Nigerian oil is priced, slid 88 cents, or 0.9%, to $93.46 a barrel following Tuesday’s peak of $95.96, its highest level since November.

U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude oil also fell by 1%, or 97 cents, to $90.23 a barrel after hitting a 10-month high of $93.74 the previous day.

Edward Moya, senior market analyst at OANDA, said, “The oil rally is taking a little break as every trader awaits a pivotal Fed decision that might tilt the scales of whether the U.S. economy has a soft or hard landing.”

He emphasized that the oil market remains “very tight” in the short term.

Investors are closely monitoring central bank interest rate decisions this week, including the Federal Reserve’s announcement, to gauge economic growth and fuel demand. While it’s widely expected that the Fed will maintain interest rates, the focus will be on its projected policy path, which remains uncertain.

U.S. crude oil stockpiles declined significantly, with a 5.25 million-barrel drop last week, exceeding the 2.2 million-barrel decline expected by Reuters analysts.

Goldman Sachs analysts raised their 12-month ahead Brent forecast from $93 a barrel to $100 a barrel, citing lower OPEC supply and higher demand. They believe OPEC can maintain a Brent price range of $80-$105 in 2024.

Russia is considering imposing higher export duties on oil products to address fuel shortages, while U.S. shale oil production is set to reach its lowest point since May 2023. On the demand side, India’s crude oil imports declined for the third consecutive month in August due to maintenance and reduced shipments from Russia.

Exxon Mobil Corp has pledged to increase oil production by nearly 40,000 barrels per day in Nigeria, as part of a new investment initiative in the country, according to a presidential spokesperson.

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