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The First Bank in Nigeria: Focus on First Bank of Nigeria Limited

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First Bank Of Nigeria

The First Bank in Nigeria

When discussing banks in Nigeria, it is virtually impossible to avoid mentioning the banking giant that is First Bank of Nigeria Limited, known as First Bank. It was the very first bank to be established in Nigeria. The bank is a force to be reckoned with across Nigeria, and has a solid reputation among citizens and residents of the country.

History of First Bank of Nigeria

The Bank was initially founded in 1894, by Sir Alfred Jones who was a shipping tycoon from Liverpool, England. The Bank had its first head office in Liverpool, but started business on a medium scale in Lagos, Nigeria under the name Bank of British West Africa (BBWA).

In 1912, the Bank obtained its first competitor, the Bank of Nigeria (previously known as the Anglo-African Bank) which was established by the Royal Niger Company in 1899. In 1957, the Bank of British West Africa (BBWA) became the Bank of West Africa (BWA). In 1966, the Bank underwent another name change after its merger with Standard Bank of the UK, adopting the name Standard Bank of West Africa Limited. In 1969, the Bank was also incorporated locally as the Standard Bank of Nigeria Limited, in accordance to the Companies Decree of 1968.

There were more changes to the name of the Bank in 1979 and 1991, with the 1979 change seeing the name turn to First Bank of Nigeria Limited and the 1991 change seeing the name become First Bank of Nigeria Plc. In 2012, the Bank went ahead to change its name once again to FirstBank of Nigeria Limited as part of a restructuring process which resulted in FBN Holdings Plc, after detaching its commercial business from other businesses in the FirstBank Group, in line with the new regulation established by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).

In December 2012, First Bank had great leaps. It had 1.3 million shareholders around the world, was quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) as one of the most capitalized companies, and also possessed an unlisted Global Depository Receipt (GDR) programme, all of which were transferred to the Bank’s Holding Company, FBN Holdings in December 2012.

The Growth and Operation of First Bank

The Bank built on its solid foundation and has consistently broken new ground in the local financial sector for over 120 years. FirstBank is currently present in the United Kingdom and France through its subsidiary, FBN Bank Limited with branches in the popular cities of London and Paris; and in Beijing with its Representative Offices there. In October 2011, the Bank purchased a new subsidiary, Banque International de Credit (BIC) which was one of the top banks in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In November 2013, the Bank went on to acquire ICB in countries like Sierra Leone, Ghana, Guinea and The Gambia before acquiring ICB in Senegal in 2014.

These acquisitions represented major landmarks in the Bank’s plan to grow its footprints in Sub-Saharan Africa, and all the African subsidiaries now carry the FBN Bank brand.

As the operating environment continues to evolve around the world, FirstBank keeps up with these changes as it continues to respond to the specific needs of its customers, investors, regulators, host communities, employees and other stakeholders. Through a balanced take on plan execution, the Bank has strengthened its leadership of the financial industry by maintaining an appeal which cuts across generations. This has made the Bank to further bolster its customer base which spans across different segments in terms of sectors, structure and size.

Through the usage of experience which spans across more than one hundred years of reliable service, FirstBank builds relationships and partnerships with vital sectors of the country’s economy which have been strategic building blocks for the growth, development and overall well-being of the country. With the Bank’s large asset base and wide branch network coupled with consistent reinvention, FirstBank is Nigeria’s strongest banking franchise, maintaining market leadership in all areas of the country’s financial services industry.

The Bank has more than 750 business locations across Nigeria, all of which operate online and in real time, the Bank possesses one of the biggest domestic sales networks in the country. As a leader of the market in the financial services sector, FirstBank led initiatives in international money transfer as well as electronic banking in the country, serving well over 14 million customer accounts.

The Bank’s strategy has been focused on restructuring the business to take proper advantage of growth opportunities within the financial services industry, following business line expansion across strategic business units, continuously implementing a systematic international expansion plan, and building synergies across the FirstBank Group.

In terms of international expansion, the Bank’s focus is the financial services markets in the Sub-Saharan region of Africa.

Important Milestones of First Bank

  • 1894 – Incorporated and Headquartered in Marina, Lagos as the Bank of British West Africa (BBWA)
  • 1912 – The second branch in Nigeria was opened by King Jaja of Opobo in Calabar, with a branch also opened in Zaria as the first branch in the northern part of the country
  • 1947 – BBWA gave the first long-term loan to the colonial government at the time
  • 1955 – Partnered with the government to expand railway lines
  • 1957 – Became the Bank of West Africa
  • 1966 – Became Standard Bank of West Africa Limited, after a merger with the Standard Bank of the UK
  • 1969 – Became locally listed as Standard Bank of Nigeria Limited
  • 1971 – Bank’s first listing on the Nigerian Stock Exchange
  • 1979 – Became the First Bank of Nigeria Limited
  • 1991 – Became First Bank of Nigeria Plc
  • 1994 – Launched the first university endowment programme in Nigeria
  • 2012 – Became a Subsidiary of FBN Holdings Plc.
  • 2013 – Completed the acquisition of ICB assets in Guinea, Gambia, Sierra Leone and Ghana as part of an expansion program

Leadership of FirstBank 

Chairman – Tunde Hassan-Odukale

Tunde Hassan-Odukale is a graduate of the University of London and City University, London. He joined the board of First Bank of Nigeria Limited as a Non-Executive Director in 2011, and is currently the Managing Director of Leadway Assurance Company Limited. His management experience spans over 22 years and includes asset management, finance, life insurance operations and IT.

Managing Director/CEO – Adesola Adeduntan

Dr. Adesola Kazeem Adeduntan has been the Managing Director/CEO of First Bank of Nigeria Limited and its Subsidiaries since January 1 2016. Before this, he was the Executive Director and Chief Financial Officer of the Bank since 2014 when he was given an appointment on the Bank’s board. He was a Director and the pioneer Chief Financial Officer/Business Manager of Africa Finance Corporation.

He has also served as a Senior Vice-President & Chief Financial Officer at Citibank Nigeria Limited, a Manager at Arthur Andersen Nigeria and a Senior Manager in the Financial Services Group of KPMG Professional Services.

Deputy Managing Director – Olugbenga Francis Shobo

Olugbenga Francis Shobo joined the board of First Bank of Nigeria Limited in 2012. He was formerly the Executive Director overseeing the Retail Banking/Public Sector businesses in the Lagos, West and South Directorate before his appointment as the Deputy Managing Director of the Bank. He is the first person to be given an appointment as the Deputy Managing Director of FirstBank in the Bank’s history which spans over 120 years.

Executive Director, Public Sector Group – Abdullahi Ibrahim

Abdullahi Ibrahim was appointed as an Executive Director at First Bank back in 2017. Prior to his appointment as Executive Director, he served as Group Executive Retail banking north from December 2012 until he was appointed as Group Executive, Technology and Services. He was the first Group Head, Manufacturing Group in the Institutional Group of the Bank.

Executive Director, Corporate Banking – Remi Oni

Remi Oni was appointed as the Executive Director, Corporate Banking in April 2016. Prior to his appointment, he was the Executive Director, Corporate & Institutional Banking for Nigeria and West Africa at Standard Chartered Bank.

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Banking Sector

Fidelity Bank Grows Profit by 131.5% in FY 2023

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Mrs. Nneka Onyeali-Ikpe, MDCEO of Fidelity Bank Plc

Leading financial institution, Fidelity Bank Plc, has released its 2023 full year Audited Financial Statements, reporting a 131.5% growth in Profit Before Tax to N 124,26 billion.

According to the results, which was issued to the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) today, the bank grew Gross Earnings by 64.9% YoY to N555.83 billion, driven by 81.6% growth in Net interest income which increased from N152.7billion to N277.37 billion. This led to a Profit After Tax of N99.45 billion representing a 112.9% annual growth.

Commenting on the Bank’s commendable performance, Dr. Nneka Onyeali-Ikpe,OON, MD/CEO of Fidelity Bank Plc said, “We closed the financial year with strong double-digit growth across key income and balance-sheet lines. Our performance in 2023 is an attestation of our capacity to deliver superior returns to shareholders despite the difficulties in our operating environment. Profit before tax grew by 131.5% to N124.3bn from N53.7bn in 2022FY, leading to an increase in Return on Average Equity (RoAE) of 26.5% from 15.6% in 2022FY.”

A review of the financial performance showed that the bank grew Net interest income by 81.6% to N277.4bn driven by a 55.5% increase in interest income, thus reflecting a steady rise in asset yield throughout the year. The average funding cost dropped by 20bps to 4.4% due to increased low-cost funds that grew from 83.6% in 2022FY to 97.4% in 2023. The combination of higher asset yield and lower funding cost led to an increase in Net Interest Margin (NIM) of 8.1% from 6.3% in 2022FY.

Similarly, Total Customer Deposits crossed the N4tn mark as deposits grew by 55.6% from N2.6tn in 2022FY. The increase was driven by 81.1% growth in low-cost funds.

Despite the challenging operating environment, the bank reaffirmed its devotion to helping individuals grow, inspiring businesses to thrive and empowering economies to prosper by increasing Net Loans & Advances to N3.1tn from N2.1tn in 2022FY.

Despite the growth in its loan portfolio, Regulatory Ratios were maintained well above the required thresholds, with liquidity ratio at 45.3% from 39.6% in 2022FY and capital adequacy ratio (CAR) at 16.2% compared to the minimum requirement of 15.0%.

“We recognize the changing dynamics in the Nigerian banking space and the need to monitor and proactively manage evolving risks. The proposed final dividend of 60 kobo per share reflects our commitment to strong value creation and returns to our shareholders,” explained Onyeali-Ikpe.

Fidelity Bank has consistently paid dividend since 2006. With the proposed final dividend of 60 kobo per share, Fidelity Bank would be paying investors a total dividend of 85 kobo per share for the reporting period, a 70.0% increase compared to the 50 kobo per share paid to its shareholders in the previous year.

Ranked as one of the best banks in Nigeria, Fidelity Bank is a full-fledged customer commercial bank with over 8.3 million customers serviced across its 251 business offices in Nigeria and the United Kingdom as well as on digital banking channels.

The bank has won multiple local and international awards including the Export Finance Bank of the Year at the 2023 BusinessDay Banks and Other Financial Institutions (BAFI) Awards, the Best Payment Solution Provider Nigeria 2023 and Best SME Bank Nigeria 2022 by the Global Banking and Finance Awards; Best Bank for SMEs in Nigeria by the Euromoney Awards for Excellence 2023; and Best Domestic Private Bank in Nigeria by the Euromoney Global Private Banking Awards 2023.

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Banking Sector

Zenith Bank Leads as Restricted Deposits Hit N17.1 Trillion

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Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)

Zenith Bank Plc has emerged as a frontrunner among Nigerian banks as restricted deposits grew to N17.1 trillion.

This increase was propelled by Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) regulations and represents 72.7% growth from the N9.91 trillion recorded in the previous year.

The Central Bank of Nigeria, in its effort to regulate the country’s money supply and manage inflation levels, has maintained the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) at 32.5%.

The CRR mandates banks to retain a certain percentage of their customer deposits with the CBN, thereby restricting access to these funds for day-to-day operations.

Zenith Bank, along with nine other major banks including Access Holdings Plc, Guaranty Trust Holdings Company Plc (GTCO), and United Bank for Africa (UBA) Plc, witnessed a substantial increase in their restricted deposits.

This surge underscores the impact of regulatory measures on the banking sector’s liquidity and operational dynamics.

The CBN’s decision to uphold the CRR at 32.5% and subsequently increase it to 45.0% reflects its commitment to curbing inflationary pressures and maintaining financial stability. While these measures aim to regulate money supply and inflation, they also pose challenges for banks and shareholders.

A member of the CBN’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), Aku Odinkemelu, emphasized the necessity of tightening monetary policy measures to address inflationary pressures effectively.

However, concerns linger regarding the adverse effects on borrowing costs for businesses and the banking sector’s profitability.

Philip Ikeazor, Director-General of Financial System Stability and MPC member, highlighted the pivotal role of complementary tools such as the CRR in taming inflation and managing liquidity.

Despite apprehensions from stakeholders, the CBN Governor, Mr. Olayemi Cardoso, reiterated the importance of assertive monetary policy measures to achieve the medium-term inflation target.

Zenith Bank’s noteworthy performance in managing restricted deposits underscores its resilience and strategic approach amidst regulatory challenges.

The bank’s 133.8% increase in mandatory reserve deposits with the CBN, reaching N3.9 trillion in 2023, demonstrates its ability to adapt to evolving market conditions.

Access Holdings, UBA, and other major banks also reported substantial growth in their restricted deposits, reflecting the broader impact of CBN policies on the banking sector’s liquidity and profitability.

Despite the surge in restricted deposits, concerns persist among shareholders regarding the profitability and operational constraints faced by banks.

Boniface Okezie, Chairman of the Progressive Shareholders Association of Nigeria (PSAN), advocated for CBN to consider paying interest on mandatory funds collected from banks, thereby enhancing their earnings and supporting the real sector of the economy.

As Nigerian banks navigate the intricacies of regulatory requirements and market dynamics, Zenith Bank’s leadership in managing restricted deposits underscores its resilience and strategic acumen in an evolving financial landscape.

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Banking Sector

Zenith Bank Achieves Historic Milestones in 2023 With Stellar Triple-Digit Topline And Bottom-Line Growth

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Zenith Bank - Investors King

Zenith Bank Plc has announced its audited results for the year ended December 31, 2023, achieving a remarkable triple-digit growth of 125% in gross earnings from NGN945.6 billion reported in 2022 to NGN2.132 trillion in 2023.

According to the audited financial results for the 2023 financial year presented to the Nigerian Exchange (NGX), this impressive triple-digit growth in gross earnings resulted in a Year-on-Year (YoY) increase of 180% in Profit Before Tax (PBT) from NGN284.7 billion in 2022 to NGN796 billion in 2023.

Profit After Tax (PAT) also recorded triple-digit growth of 202% from NGN223.9 billion to NGN676.9 billion in the period ended December 31, 2023.

The increase in gross earnings is primarily due to growth in interest and non-interest income. Interest income increased by 112% from NGN540 billion in 2022 to NGN1.1 trillion in 2023. Non-interest income grew by 141% from NGN381 billion to NGN918.9 billion in the same period.

The increase in interest income is attributed to the growth in the size of risk assets and their effective repricing, alongside the rise in the yield of other interest-bearing instruments over the year. Growth in non-interest income was driven by significant trading gains and an increase in gains from the revaluation of foreign currencies.

The cost of funds grew from 1.9% in 2022 to 3.0% in 2023 due to the high interest rate environment while interest expense increased by 135% from NGN173.5 billion in 2022 to NGN408.5 billion in 2023. Notwithstanding the 32% growth in operating expenses in 2023, the Group’s cost-to-income ratio improved significantly from 54.4% in 2022 to 36.1% in 2023 due to improved top-line performance.

Return on Average Equity (ROAE) increased by 118% from 16.8% in 2022 to 36.6% in 2023, underpinned by improved gross earnings, as the Group sought to deliver better shareholder returns. Return on Average Assets (ROAA) also grew by 95% from 2.1% to 4.1% in the same period.

The Group has continued to deepen its market leadership in key corporate and retail deposit segments as customer deposits increased by 69% from NGN9.0 trillion to NGN15.2 trillion in 2023.

Its retail drive continues to yield dividends as retail deposits now constitute 46% of total deposits (compared to 44% in 2022) and grew by 77% from NGN3.97 trillion in 2022 to NGN7.04 trillion in 2023, also reinforcing increased customer confidence in the Zenith brand.

Total assets increased by 66% from NGN12.3 trillion in 2022 to NGN20.4 trillion in 2023, largely due to growth in total deposits and the revaluation of foreign currency deposits.

Gross loans grew by 71% from NGN4.1 trillion in 2022 to NGN7.1 trillion in 2023 due to the revaluation of foreign currency loans and the growth in local currency risk assets.

As a result of the disciplined and diligent approach to risk assets creation and management, the loan growth did not significantly impact the Non-Performing Loans (NPL) ratio, which increased marginally from 4.3% to 4.4% despite the heightened risk environment and challenging operating environment, an attestation to the Group’s resilience despite headwinds and a challenging macroeconomic environment.

Also, the prudential ratios remain within regulatory thresholds, with the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and liquidity ratio at 21.7% and 71.0%, respectively, at the close of 2023.

As a demonstration of its commitment to shareholders, the bank has announced a proposed final dividend payout of NGN3.50 per share, bringing the total dividend to NGN4.00 per share.

In 2024, the Group will complete the transition to a holding company structure, which is anticipated to position it advantageously for exploring emerging opportunities in the Fintech space while bolstering its digital and retail banking initiatives.

Furthermore, the Group is undertaking urgent necessary actions to meet the new minimum NGN500 billion equity capital requirement to maintain its international authorisation within the timeframe stipulated by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).

This will strengthen its presence in key markets to continue positioning for sustainable growth and value addition for stakeholders.

Zenith Bank’s track record of excellent performance has continued to earn the brand numerous awards, including being recognised as Best Bank in Nigeria, for the fourth time in five years, from 2020 to 2022 and in 2024, in the Global Finance World’s Best Banks Awards; the Best Bank for Digital Solutions in Nigeria in the Euromoney Awards 2023, being listed in the World Finance Top 100 Global Companies in 2023; being recognised as the Number One Bank in Nigeria by Tier-1 Capital, for the 14th consecutive year, in the 2023 Top 1000 World Banks Ranking published by The Banker Magazine; Best Commercial Bank, Nigeria, for three consecutive years from 2021 to 2023, in the World Finance Banking Awards; Best Corporate Governance Bank, Nigeria in the World Finance Corporate Governance Awards 2022 and 2023; Bank of the Year (Nigeria) in The Banker’s Bank of the Year Awards 2020 and 2022; Best in Corporate Governance’ Financial Services’ Africa, for four successive years from 2020 to 2023, by the Ethical Boardroom; Most Sustainable Bank, Nigeria in the International Banker 2023 Banking Awards; Best Commercial Bank, Nigeria and Best Innovation in Retail Banking, Nigeria in the International Banker 2022 Banking Awards.

Also, the bank emerged as the Most Valuable Banking Brand in Nigeria in the Banker Magazine Top 500 Banking Brands 2020 and 2021; Bank of the Year 2023 and Retail Bank of the Year for three consecutive years from 2020 to 2022, at the BusinessDay Banks and Other Financial Institutions (BAFI) Awards. Similarly, Zenith Bank was named Bank of the Decade (People’s Choice) at the ThisDay Awards 2020, Bank of the Year 2021 by Champion Newspaper, Bank of the Year 2022 by New Telegraph Newspaper, and Most Responsible Organisation in Africa 2021 by SERAS Awards.

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