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Commodities Exchange Markets, an Incentive for Production

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Commodities Exchange
  • Commodities Exchange Markets, an Incentive for Production

Nigeria has enviable relative advantage in the areas of agriculture and solid minerals. Although we constantly create platforms for discussions on how to modernise our farming methods (be it farming for food crops, minerals and other products), not much is said about how to upgrade our trading methods from the extant spot methods.

At least 60 per cent of the population engages in one form of agricultural activity or the other, albeit mostly on a subsistence level. A nation like the United States, produces her vast agricultural wealth with less than 10 per cent of her population ploughing the fields because of the advantages of mechanised farming. Nigeria, on the other hand, still largely deploys stone-age tools for both production, storage and marketing of primary produce and consequently loses revenue to post-harvest challenges.

Mechanisation, which gives leverage to commercial farming, may not be achieved overnight in Nigeria due to its capital intensive nature, States and local governments can facilitate, in conjunction with private sector stakeholders, the emergence of standardised markets to absorb surplus harvests from farmers using tributary methods to reduce losses and encourage primary production activities, among other benefits. There is a roaring need for the emergence of more sophisticated trading systems for local commodities that make farmers confident that they can sell their produce and manufacturers confident about the quality, availability and consistency of locally sourced feedstock.

For example, 2014 figures showed that Nigeria spent about N630m (this must have doubled or tripled by now due to inflated foreign exchange rates) on importation of wheat alone. Wheat is an important crop applicable in the production of bread, pasta and pastries, in livestock feeds production and so on. The national demand for wheat continues to rise whereas indigenous production is only able to supply about 7.6 per cent of national wheat need; although this is an improvement on previous years when cultivation of wheat nearly went into extinction due to poor patronage. At the time, the millers had claimed that the quality of Nigerian wheat was inferior to the imported ones.

Today, the high cost of foreign exchange has triggered a recent acceptance of locally grown wheat by millers who now buy up whole harvests; leading to a rise in the cultivation of this emerging area of cache. The incentive is that farmers can sell what they produce. This development provides ample proof that beyond the provision of capital, inputs and other supports, market outlets are critical incentives for production. This is where the need for a commodities exchange market becomes pressing; in order to sustain the rising tide in wheat. This will also be work for our solid minerals subsector.

A commodities exchange market provides a standardised outlet for commodities, be they agricultural, solid minerals and so on. In the market, goods are graded and priced tagged such that the need for on spot trading is reduced. You do not have to see the goods and haggle before you can buy. Thus, industries can buy feedstock according to their specifications through those markets; making it easier for both the farmers and the manufacturers to remain in business. In 2014, to salvage discouragement occasioned by a period of glut when millers refused to buy, the government had to mop up wheat harvests in Zamfara State by over 100 per cent of their market value whereas the products are in demand in other parts of the country. Viable commodities bourses, with their attendant Market Information Systems, would have aided in channelling the excess produce to other parts of the country where they were needed.

An upshot of these standardised exchanges would be the emergence of derivative products that can be traded, as is done in other climes, to provide liquidity and stabilise the real sector. Thus, apart from trading in agricultural and mineral produce, contracts based on them like spot prices, forwards, futures and options on futures are traded. For example, a farmer raising wheat can sell a future contract on his produce several months ahead of the harvest time and a milling company could buy the contract ahead to ensure that the price remains the same when delivered. This protects the farmer from price drops and the buyer from price rise. Speculators and investors also trade on the futures contracts for profit ;very much like the way stocks and shares are traded in the capital market.

The importance of a commodities exchange and how it will benefit the solid minerals subsector was well captured in the aspirations of the botched 2002 National Assembly bill for the establishment of a Solid Minerals Development Commission: “The Commission shall operate Joint Venture arrangements with the Organised Private Sector, to establish a private sector-led world class Solid Minerals Commodities Exchange to pave way for the entrance of big time operators into Nigeria’s solid minerals sector in promoting quality control as well as deriving benefits for the nation, which include membership of well-established international commodities exchanges.”

No venturer wants to plough where he is not sure to reap and this has been the bane of Nigeria’s agriculture and solid minerals sectors since the excision of the marketing boards of yesteryears. Entrepreneurs, with government support, need to explore this niche area across the country to facilitate the distribution of goods, risks and profits.

Is the CEO/Founder of Investors King Limited. A proven foreign exchange research analyst and a published author on Yahoo Finance, Businessinsider, Nasdaq, Entrepreneur.com, Investorplace, and many more. He has over two decades of experience in global financial markets.

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Crude Oil

Oil Prices Rebound After Three Days of Losses

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Crude oil - Investors King

After enduring a three-day decline, oil prices recovered on Thursday, offering a glimmer of hope to investors amid a volatile market landscape.

The rebound was fueled by a combination of factors ranging from geopolitical developments to supply concerns.

Brent crude oil, against which Nigeria oil is priced, surged by 79 cents, or 0.95% to $84.23 a barrel while U.S. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude climbed 69 cents, or 0.87% to $79.69 per barrel.

This turnaround came on the heels of a significant downturn that had pushed prices to their lowest levels since mid-March.

The recent slump in oil prices was primarily attributed to a confluence of factors, including the U.S. Federal Reserve’s decision to maintain interest rates and concerns surrounding stubborn inflation, which could potentially dampen economic growth and limit oil demand.

Also, unexpected data from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) revealing a substantial increase in U.S. crude inventories added further pressure on oil prices.

“The updated inventory statistics were probably the most salient price driver over the course of yesterday’s trading session,” said Tamas Varga, an analyst at PVM.

Crude inventories surged by 7.3 million barrels to 460.9 million barrels, significantly exceeding analysts’ expectations and casting a shadow over market sentiment.

However, the tide began to turn as ceasefire talks between Israel and Hamas gained traction, offering a glimmer of hope for stability in the volatile Middle East region.

The prospect of a ceasefire agreement, spearheaded by Egypt, injected optimism into the market, offsetting concerns surrounding geopolitical tensions.

“As the impact of the U.S. crude stock build and the Fed signaling higher-for-longer rates is close to being fully baked in, attention will turn towards the outcome of the Gaza talks,” noted Vandana Hari, founder of Vanda Insights.

The potential for a resolution in the Israel-Hamas conflict provided a ray of hope, contributing to the positive momentum in oil markets.

Despite the optimism surrounding ceasefire talks, tensions in the Middle East remain palpable, with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu reiterating plans for a military offensive in the southern Gaza city of Rafah.

The precarious geopolitical climate continues to underpin volatility in oil markets, reminding investors of the inherent risks associated with the commodity.

In addition to geopolitical developments, speculation regarding U.S. government buying for strategic reserves added further support to oil prices.

With the U.S. expressing intentions to replenish the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) at prices below $79 a barrel, market participants closely monitored price movements, anticipating potential intervention to stabilize prices.

“The oil market was supported by speculation that if WTI falls below $79, the U.S. will move to build up its strategic reserves,” highlighted Hiroyuki Kikukawa, president of NS Trading, owned by Nissan Securities.

As oil markets navigate a complex web of geopolitical uncertainties and supply dynamics, the recent rebound underscores the resilience of the commodity in the face of adversity.

While challenges persist, the renewed optimism offers a ray of hope for stability and growth in the oil sector, providing investors with a semblance of confidence amidst a volatile landscape.

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Gold

Gold Soars as Fed Signals Patience

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Gold emerged as a star performer as the Federal Reserve adopted a more patient stance, sending the precious metal soaring to new heights.

Amidst a backdrop of uncertainty, gold’s ascent mirrored investors’ appetite for safe-haven assets and reflected their interpretation of the central bank’s cautious approach.

Following the Fed’s decision to maintain interest rates at their current levels, gold prices surged toward $2,330 an ounce in early Asian trade, building on a 1.5% gain from the previous session – the most significant one-day increase since mid-April.

The dovish tone struck by Fed Chair Jerome Powell during the announcement provided the impetus for gold’s rally, as he downplayed the prospects of imminent rate hikes while underscoring the need for further evidence of cooling inflation before considering adjustments to borrowing costs.

This tempered outlook from the Fed, which emphasized patience and data dependence, bolstered gold’s appeal as a hedge against inflation and economic uncertainty.

Investors interpreted the central bank’s stance as a signal of continued support for accommodative monetary policies, providing a tailwind for the precious metal.

Simultaneously, the Japanese yen surged more than 3% against the dollar, sparking speculation of intervention by Japanese authorities to support the currency.

This move further weakened the dollar, enhancing the attractiveness of gold to investors seeking refuge from currency volatility.

Gold’s ascent in recent months has been underpinned by a confluence of factors, including robust central bank purchases, strong demand from Asian markets – particularly China – and geopolitical tensions ranging from conflicts in Ukraine to instability in the Middle East.

These dynamics have propelled gold’s price upwards by approximately 13% this year, culminating in a record high last month.

At 9:07 a.m. in Singapore, spot gold was up 0.3% to $2,326.03 an ounce, with silver also experiencing gains as it rose towards $27 an ounce.

The Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index concurrently fell by 0.3%, further underscoring the inverse relationship between the dollar’s strength and gold’s allure.

However, amidst the fervor surrounding gold’s surge, palladium found itself trading below platinum after dipping below its sister metal for the first time since February.

The erosion of palladium’s long-standing premium was attributed to a pessimistic outlook for demand in gasoline-powered cars, highlighting the nuanced dynamics within the precious metals market.

As gold continues its upward trajectory, investors remain attuned to evolving macroeconomic indicators and central bank policy shifts, navigating a landscape defined by uncertainty and volatility.

In this environment, the allure of gold as a safe-haven asset is likely to endure, providing solace to investors seeking stability amidst turbulent times.

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Crude Oil

Oil Prices Steady as Israel-Hamas Ceasefire Talks Offer Hope, Red Sea Attacks Persist

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Amidst geopolitical tensions and ongoing conflicts, oil prices remained relatively stable as hopes for a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas emerged, while attacks in the Red Sea continued to escalate.

Brent crude oil, against which Nigerian oil is priced, saw a modest rise of 27 cents to $88.67 a barrel while U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude oil gained 30 cents to $82.93 a barrel.

The optimism stems from negotiations between Israel and Hamas with talks in Cairo aiming to broker a potential ceasefire.

Despite these diplomatic efforts, attacks in the Red Sea by Yemen’s Houthis persist, raising concerns about potential disruptions to oil supply routes.

Vandana Hari, founder of Vanda Insights, emphasized the importance of a concrete agreement to drive market sentiment, stating that the oil market awaits a finalized deal between the conflicting parties.

Meanwhile, investor focus remains on the upcoming U.S. Federal Reserve’s policy review, particularly in light of persistent inflationary pressures.

Market expectations for any rate adjustments have been pushed out due to stubborn inflation, potentially bolstering the U.S. dollar and impacting oil demand.

Concerns over demand also weigh on sentiment, with ANZ analysts noting a decline in premiums for diesel and heating oil compared to crude oil, signaling subdued demand prospects.

As geopolitical uncertainties persist and market dynamics evolve, observers closely monitor developments in both the Middle East and global economic policies for their potential impact on oil prices and market stability.

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