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Markets Today – Ukraine, Fed Minutes, CBRT, Oil, Gold, Bitcoin

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By Craig Erlam, Senior Market Analyst, UK & EMEA, OANDA

Stock markets in Europe are mixed, while US futures are edging lower on Thursday, as uncertainty remains around Russia’s intentions in Ukraine.

It’s been a rather strange week that started with warnings of an imminent invasion – repeatedly denied by Russia – followed by claims of troops withdrawing following the completion of planned drills which has since been rejected by Ukraine and NATO, who have instead insisted that numbers are rising, not falling. It’s no wonder investors don’t know which way to turn.

Clearly, tensions are going to remain until we see a confirmed and substantial reduction of troops at the border but rather than abandon risk as they did late last week and early this, investors seem comfortable sitting on the fence. Of course, that could change if we see any escalation or as we head into the weekend if we have no further clarity.

The West remains convinced that an invasion remains highly likely and that flare-ups in Eastern Ukraine between Russian-backed separatists and Ukrainian forces could be used to justify crossing the border. Whether the intelligence is trustworthy or hysteria, as Russia has labelled it, will soon become clear but in the interim, efforts towards a diplomatic solution continue which will keep investors on edge.

Fed minutes offer little insight into March hike

Inflation remains the key focus for investors as they navigate a tightening environment like no other. The pandemic has delivered widespread price pressures that have lasted longer and far exceeded expectations. Central banks have been forced into action while markets continue to price in more and more hikes this year.

The Fed minutes on Wednesday offered little new information on that front and anything in them that came across as potentially less hawkish is probably out of date by now. The central bank will kick off its tightening cycle next month and a number of consecutive hikes will likely follow. Whether they’ll kick things off with a 50 basis point hike isn’t yet clear and will depend on the data in the coming weeks but there doesn’t appear to be consensus for it yet, despite markets pricing in a fair chance of it happening.

Lira steady as CBRT leaves rates unchanged

The lira continues to trade in a relatively tight range after the CBRT left the repo rate unchanged at 14% for the second consecutive meeting. A series of rate cuts late last year triggered a collapse in the currency and sent inflation soaring – reaching 48.7% in January – as President Erdogan imposed his unconventional beliefs on the supposedly independent central bank. The stability in the currency has come as the central bank has paused its easing cycle while it conducts a comprehensive review of its policy framework. What the outcome of the review will be is anyone’s guess given how the central bank has behaved under the “leadership” of  Governor Åžahap KavcıoÄŸlu.

Oil slides as US and Iran near nuclear deal

There’s no shortage of volatility in the oil market at the moment, with multiple forces combining to create very lively conditions. The market is obviously extremely tight which is why we’re seeing some large moves on a daily basis and the price could already be in triple-figure territory if not for the nuclear talks between the US and Iran.

And it’s this that’s driving the declines today, with reports suggesting an agreement is days away. That would be huge as it could mean around 1.3 million barrels per day of crude quickly re-entering the market and easing some of those supply-side pressures. You can imagine the US has been very motivated to get this deal over the line ahead of the midterms later this year, given how ineffective its last efforts were to bring prices down.

Gold still has plenty of appeal

Gold is continuing to rally amid all the geopolitical uncertainty. Not only do the events on the Ukrainian border have investors seeking out safe-havens, but it also offers inflation protection at a time of surging prices and the prospect of higher oil and gas prices, if Russia does invade.

The latest move has seen gold hit its highest level since mid-June and there still appears to be momentum in the move so we could see $1,900 tested. That’s the next big test for the yellow metal and a big escalation in Ukraine could be the catalyst for such a move.

Bitcoin struggling at key resistance

Bitcoin is almost 2% lower on Thursday, appearing to lose a little momentum on approach to $45,500, a major barrier of resistance. It has shown real resilience in recent weeks but is struggling to generate the momentum needed to take the next step. The uncertainty in the markets probably isn’t helping, although it hasn’t held it back recently. A break above here could be a very bullish development for bitcoin.

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Crude Oil

Dangote Mega Refinery in Nigeria Seeks Millions of Barrels of US Crude Amid Output Challenges

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The Dangote Mega Refinery, situated near Lagos, Nigeria, is embarking on an ambitious plan to procure millions of barrels of US crude over the next year.

The refinery, established by Aliko Dangote, Africa’s wealthiest individual, has issued a term tender for the purchase of 2 million barrels a month of West Texas Intermediate Midland crude for a duration of 12 months, commencing in July.

This development revealed through a document obtained by Bloomberg, represents a shift in strategy for the refinery, which has opted for US oil imports due to constraints in the availability and reliability of Nigerian crude.

Elitsa Georgieva, Executive Director at Citac, an energy consultancy specializing in the African downstream sector, emphasized the allure of US crude for Dangote’s refinery.

Georgieva highlighted the challenges associated with sourcing Nigerian crude, including insufficient supply, unreliability, and sometimes unavailability.

In contrast, US WTI offers reliability, availability, and competitive pricing, making it an attractive option for Dangote.

Nigeria’s struggles to meet its OPEC+ quota and sustain its crude production capacity have been ongoing for at least a year.

Despite an estimated production capacity of 2.6 million barrels a day, the country only managed to pump about 1.45 million barrels a day of crude and liquids in April.

Factors contributing to this decline include crude theft, aging oil pipelines, low investment, and divestments by oil majors operating in Nigeria.

To address the challenge of local supply for the Dangote refinery, Nigeria’s upstream regulators have proposed new draft rules compelling oil producers to prioritize selling crude to domestic refineries.

This regulatory move aims to ensure sufficient local supply to support the operations of the 650,000 barrel-a-day Dangote refinery.

Operating at about half capacity presently, the Dangote refinery has capitalized on the opportunity to secure cheaper US oil imports to fulfill up to a third of its feedstock requirements.

Since the beginning of the year, the refinery has been receiving monthly shipments of about 2 million barrels of WTI Midland from the United States.

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Oil Prices Hold Steady as U.S. Demand Signals Strengthening

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Oil prices maintained a steady stance in the global market as signals of strengthening demand in the United States provided support amidst ongoing geopolitical tensions.

Brent crude oil, against which Nigerian oil is priced, holds at $82.79 per barrel, a marginal increase of 4 cents or 0.05%.

Similarly, U.S. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude saw a slight uptick of 4 cents to $78.67 per barrel.

The stability in oil prices came in the wake of favorable data indicating a potential surge in demand from the U.S. market.

An analysis by MUFG analysts Ehsan Khoman and Soojin Kim pointed to a broader risk-on sentiment spurred by signs of receding inflationary pressures in the U.S., suggesting the possibility of a more accommodative monetary policy by the Federal Reserve.

This prospect could alleviate the strength of the dollar and render oil more affordable for holders of other currencies, consequently bolstering demand.

Despite a brief dip on Wednesday, when Brent crude touched an intra-day low of $81.05 per barrel, the commodity rebounded, indicating underlying market resilience.

This bounce-back was attributed to a notable decline in U.S. crude oil inventories, gasoline, and distillates.

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) reported a reduction of 2.5 million barrels in crude inventories to 457 million barrels for the week ending May 10, surpassing analysts’ consensus forecast of 543,000 barrels.

John Evans, an analyst at PVM, underscored the significance of increased refinery activity, which contributed to the decline in inventories and hinted at heightened demand.

This development sparked a turnaround in price dynamics, with earlier losses being nullified by a surge in buying activity that wiped out all declines.

Moreover, U.S. consumer price data for April revealed a less-than-expected increase, aligning with market expectations of a potential interest rate cut by the Federal Reserve in September.

The prospect of monetary easing further buoyed market sentiment, contributing to the stability of oil prices.

However, amidst these market dynamics, geopolitical tensions persisted in the Middle East, particularly between Israel and Palestinian factions. Israeli military operations in Gaza remained ongoing, with ceasefire negotiations reaching a stalemate mediated by Qatar and Egypt.

The situation underscored the potential for geopolitical flare-ups to impact oil market sentiment.

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Shell’s Bonga Field Hits Record High Production of 138,000 Barrels per Day in 2023

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Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Company Limited (SNEPCo) has achieved a significant milestone as its Bonga field, Nigeria’s first deep-water development, hit a record high production of 138,000 barrels per day in 2023.

This represents a substantial increase when compared to 101,000 barrels per day produced in the previous year.

The improvement in production is attributed to various factors, including the drilling of new wells, reservoir optimization, enhanced facility management, and overall asset management strategies.

Elohor Aiboni, Managing Director of SNEPCo, expressed pride in Bonga’s performance, stating that the increased production underscores the commitment of the company’s staff and its continuous efforts to enhance production processes and maintenance.

Aiboni also acknowledged the support of the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited and SNEPCo’s co-venture partners, including TotalEnergies Nigeria Limited, Nigerian Agip Exploration, and Esso Exploration and Production Nigeria Limited.

The Bonga field, which commenced production in November 2005, operates through the Bonga Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessel, with a capacity of 225,000 barrels per day.

Located 120 kilometers offshore, the FPSO has been a key contributor to Nigeria’s oil production since its inception.

Last year, the Bonga FPSO reached a significant milestone by exporting its 1-billionth barrel of oil, further cementing its position as a vital asset in Nigeria’s oil and gas sector.

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