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Markets Today – Optimism, US-Iran, Oil, Gold, Bitcoin

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By Craig Erlam, Senior Market Analyst, UK & EMEA, OANDA

We’re seeing further signs of stabilization in the markets on Tuesday, as the relatively peaceful start to the week continues.

It’s been a wild start to the year and it seems investors are embracing the less intense start to the week, probably with an eye on what’s to come over the next couple of days. Recent weeks have brought so much anxiety to financial markets as yields have accelerated higher in anticipation of a series of rate hikes from central banks.

The inflation data has continued to rise faster than many anticipated and we’re now in a situation where central banks are racing to catch up and get to grips with price pressures. Many still expect we’ll see an orderly return to inflation targets over the forecast horizon with moderate rate increases but the risk of inaction became far greater than the alternative.

The downside to all of this is an exacerbation of the cost-of-living crisis for households and businesses that threatens to weaken the recovery. But central banks are hoping that a little now will negate the need for far more severe action later.

From a markets perspective, it means more anxiety and more wobbles, similar to those seen in recent weeks. Some would argue that’s no bad thing after years of buying the dip at all costs being rewarded.

The next 48 hours will be interesting, with the Fed minutes and US inflation data being released. So much has been priced in at this point – five hikes from the Fed by December – but there’s potential for more. We may not yet have hit the peak as far as rate expectations are concerned and Thursday’s CPI reading is expected to be another shocker.

Oil pares gains as nuclear talks continue

The oil price rally is cooling on Tuesday as the US and Iran indirectly continue talks over the nuclear deal that could see more than a million barrels quickly come back online. It couldn’t come at a better time given how tight the market is, not to mention politically for President Biden ahead of the midterms. Voters may not take too kindly to the prices at the pump.

The talks are taking place just as crude was poised to make a run towards $100, which would be a real blow and write its own headlines. The cost-of-living crisis is painful for many households and businesses and triple-digit oil just piles on the misery. If a deal can be struck, it may still be avoided and afford the rest of OPEC time to hit its quotas. $100 looked inevitable but this could change that.

Gold remains a firm favourite

The gold rally has been relentless recently with the yellow metal notching up five days of gains in the last six and it’s on course to add another to that. It seems gold is fulfilling its historic role as an inflation hedge despite so many rate hikes already being priced in. Whether that’s the expectation of more or fear of it, gold has remained a favourite for investors.

Whether it can continue to build on recent gains is another thing. Gold has remained well supported but it’s struggled to make any real progress beyond these levels since last summer. The area around $1,830 has repeatedly been a major barrier and when it has briefly managed to overcome that, it hasn’t progressed much further. It will be interesting to see if history repeats itself.

Cause for optimism for cryptos?

Bitcoin’s performance has been really impressive recently, not just because it’s overcome a key resistance level at $40,000 but it’s done so at a time when sentiment remains extremely shaky in the markets. It’s run into a little difficulty around $45,500 which was a major level of support in December but it appears to have some decent momentum behind it now. We could see it pare some of the recent gains in the coming days but the crypto crowd may suddenly be feeling far more confident than they have for many months.

 

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Crude Oil

Oil Prices Rally Amidst Russian Export Ban and Rate Hike Concerns

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Crude oil - Investors King

Oil prices saw an upward trend on Friday as concerns over Russia’s ban on fuel exports potentially tightening global supply.

This development overshadowed apprehensions of further interest rate hikes in the United States that could impact demand.

However, despite this bounce, oil prices were still on course for their first weekly decline in four weeks.

Brent crude oil gained 46 cents, or 0.5% to $93.76 per barrel while the U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude (WTI) oil surged by 65 cents, a 0.7% rise to $90.28 a barrel.

These gains were driven by growing concerns regarding tight global supply as the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies (OPEC+) continued to implement production cuts.

Toshitaka Tazawa, an analyst at Fujitomi Securities Co Ltd, commented on the volatile nature of the market, stating, “Trading remained choppy amid a tug-of-war between supply fears that were reinforced by a Russian ban on fuel exports and worries over slower demand due to tighter monetary policies in the United States and Europe.”

He further noted that investors would closely monitor OPEC+ production cuts and the impact of rising interest rates, predicting that WTI would trade within a range of approximately $90 to $95.

Russia’s abrupt ban on gasoline and diesel exports to countries outside a select group of four ex-Soviet states had an immediate effect as it aimed to stabilize the domestic fuel market. This export restriction prompted a nearly 5% increase in heating oil futures on Thursday.

Tina Teng, an analyst at CMC Markets, explained, “Crude oil bounced off a session low after Russia banned diesel exports, which included gasoline. The action reversed a downside movement in crude markets following the hawkish Fed decision.”

However, she also warned that mounting concerns about a recession in the Eurozone could continue to exert downward pressure on oil prices.

The U.S. Federal Reserve recently maintained its interest rates but adopted a more hawkish stance, projecting a quarter-percentage-point increase to 5.50%-5.75% by the year-end. This decision heightened fears that higher rates might dampen economic growth and reduce fuel demand.

Also, the stronger U.S. dollar, reaching its highest level since early March, made oil and other commodities more expensive for buyers using alternative currencies.

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NNPCL’s Crude Commitments Create Hurdles for Dangote’s Oil Operations

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The Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPCL) has found itself at the center of a growing challenge faced by the Dangote Petroleum Refinery, one of Africa’s largest industrial projects.

As the refinery gears up for full-scale production, it is grappling with unforeseen hurdles caused by the commitments made by NNPCL in the form of crude oil agreements with other entities.

Dangote Petroleum Refinery, a flagship project of the Dangote Group led by billionaire Aliko Dangote, is on the brink of becoming a game-changer in Nigeria’s energy sector. With a promise to significantly reduce the country’s dependence on imported petroleum products, the refinery holds the potential to bolster the nation’s energy self-sufficiency.

However, recent revelations have shed light on the complexity of the oil industry in Nigeria and how contractual commitments can disrupt even the best-laid plans.

According to Devakumar Edwin, the Executive Director of the Dangote Group, in an interview with S&P Global Commodity Insights, the NNPCL, which normally trades crude oil on behalf of Nigeria, has pledged its crude to other entities.

While Edwin did not disclose the specific recipients of NNPCL’s crude commitments, it was previously announced that the company had entered into a $3 billion crude oil-for-loan deal with the African Export-Import Bank. Under this agreement, NNPCL agreed to allocate future oil production to the bank as repayment for the loan.

This unforeseen twist has left Dangote Petroleum Refinery in a predicament, necessitating the temporary importation of crude oil.

Edwin, however, stated that this importation is only a short-term solution, as the refinery expects to receive crude supply from NNPCL starting in November 2023.

The refinery’s ambitious plans include producing up to 370,000 barrels per day of crude, which will be processed into Automotive Gas Oil (diesel) and jet fuel by October 2023. By November 30, 2023, the plant aims to produce Premium Motor Spirit (petrol), providing a much-needed boost to the domestic fuel market.

While the Dangote Group remains committed to its objectives, the delays caused by NNPCL’s prior commitments have raised concerns among oil marketers.

They believe that the prices of diesel and jet fuel, in particular, will only experience a significant reduction once the refinery begins receiving crude oil supplies from Nigeria rather than importing it.

Despite these temporary setbacks, Edwin reaffirmed the refinery’s readiness to receive crude oil, stating, “Right now, I’m ready to receive crude. We are just waiting for the first vessel. And so, as soon as it comes in, we can start.”

In essence, the shift in the refinery’s original timeline can be attributed to the prior commitments made by NNPCL, causing a momentary delay.

However, it remains a beacon of hope for Nigeria’s energy sector, promising a reliable supply of environmentally-friendly refined products and a substantial influx of foreign exchange into the country.

Devakumar Edwin also underscored that the revenues generated from the refinery’s operations would be reinvested in further developments, reaffirming Aliko Dangote’s unwavering commitment to Nigeria’s economic growth.

As the nation eagerly awaits the commencement of production at the Dangote Petroleum Refinery, it is clear that the complex web of oil industry contracts and commitments has played an unexpected role in shaping the refinery’s journey towards becoming a transformative force in Nigeria’s energy landscape.

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Oil Prices Retreat as Markets Await Fed Meeting

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Crude oil - Investors King

Oil prices dipped by almost $1 on Wednesday ahead of the U.S. Federal Reserve’s anticipated interest rate decision.

Investors are grappling with uncertainty surrounding peak rates and the potential impact on energy demand.

Despite a substantial drawdown in U.S. oil inventories and sluggish U.S. shale production indicating a possible tight crude supply for the remainder of 2023, prices tumbled.

Brent crude oil, against which Nigerian oil is priced, slid 88 cents, or 0.9%, to $93.46 a barrel following Tuesday’s peak of $95.96, its highest level since November.

U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude oil also fell by 1%, or 97 cents, to $90.23 a barrel after hitting a 10-month high of $93.74 the previous day.

Edward Moya, senior market analyst at OANDA, said, “The oil rally is taking a little break as every trader awaits a pivotal Fed decision that might tilt the scales of whether the U.S. economy has a soft or hard landing.”

He emphasized that the oil market remains “very tight” in the short term.

Investors are closely monitoring central bank interest rate decisions this week, including the Federal Reserve’s announcement, to gauge economic growth and fuel demand. While it’s widely expected that the Fed will maintain interest rates, the focus will be on its projected policy path, which remains uncertain.

U.S. crude oil stockpiles declined significantly, with a 5.25 million-barrel drop last week, exceeding the 2.2 million-barrel decline expected by Reuters analysts.

Goldman Sachs analysts raised their 12-month ahead Brent forecast from $93 a barrel to $100 a barrel, citing lower OPEC supply and higher demand. They believe OPEC can maintain a Brent price range of $80-$105 in 2024.

Russia is considering imposing higher export duties on oil products to address fuel shortages, while U.S. shale oil production is set to reach its lowest point since May 2023. On the demand side, India’s crude oil imports declined for the third consecutive month in August due to maintenance and reduced shipments from Russia.

Exxon Mobil Corp has pledged to increase oil production by nearly 40,000 barrels per day in Nigeria, as part of a new investment initiative in the country, according to a presidential spokesperson.

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